Development of extreme sports
The history of this sport in the Olympic program dates back to the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. After that, the students ush swimming underwater 60 approved a list of extreme sports: sports, climbing, climbing, surfing, motorcycling, water skiing, water skiing.
Due to the narrow location of some events, it was only offered the same targets that were announced to the winter world in 75 countries on five continents (men) or 45 countries on three continents (women) at the Summer Olympics; and on three continents (men and women) in 25 countries (men and women).
At the Olympic Games in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, extreme sports were presented in the form of a ski combination. Soon, the Olympic Games security program was not included.
At the 1952 Olympics, athletes competed in the slalom, which is now even more famous. In the 20th century, extreme sports became popular both in the Olympic sport and in the amateur sports program. Snowboarding in winter and skateboarding in summer are very popular these days.
Rock climbing
This is a sport and outdoor activity that consists of climbing on natural (rocks) or artificial (climbing wall) terrain. Originating as a kind of mountaineering, rock climbing is now an independent sport.
Climbing as a way to overcome the rocky terrain, not for the purpose of solving utilitarian everyday tasks (hunting, finding the shortest paths in the mountains, etc.), but for self-affirmation, solving sports problems, that is, as a kind of active recreation and sports, arose in mountainous areas in the XIX century.
Rock climbing in your spare time has become widespread in Europe. In Russia, more than 150 years ago, in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk, climbing on the Krasnoyarsk pillars – stolbism – was born.
In the United States at the beginning of the 20th century, rock climbing in Yosemite National Park was born and began to develop steadily.
Currently, there are more than 2,500 rock climbing areas in the world.
In the second half of the 20th century, rock climbing became a recognized sport throughout the world, in which international competitions are regularly held.
Skateboarding
Skateboarding is an extreme sport that involves skating and performing various tricks on a skateboard. A person who skateboards is called a skateboarder, or a skater.
Skateboarding began in the late 1930s and early 1950s, among Californian surfers who couldn’t surf when there were no waves. The first skateboards were boxes and boards with attached wheels. Later, the boxes were replaced with boards made of compressed layers of wood – similar to those that are currently used.
In the mid-60s and early 70s, the skateboard firms that are most popular today began to develop (Vans)
The invention of the no-hands jump (later called the ollie) by Alan Gelfand in 1976, and the development of the grab trick by George Orton and Tony Alva, allowed skaters to perform tricks on vertical ramps. But since most skaters at the time didn’t have access to ramps and couldn’t afford their own ramps, street style caught on.
The shape of the skateboard evolved from freestyle skateboarding and has become the standard since the mid-1990s. There are also skateboards in other forms, as a rule they are collectible and not intended for skating.
In our time, the International Olympic Committee has included skateboarding in the program of the Summer Olympics in Tokyo in 2020.
Street lagging
Street lagging is downhill skiing on a long skateboard in a prone position. It appeared in Southern California in the 70s of the last century. The first official race was organized by the American Skateboarding Association in 1975 at Signal Hill, California.
The winner was determined by the maximum speed gained. At that time, there were no special requirements for the design of street lagboards, because some riders surrounded themselves with a shell made of plastic or fiberglass.
Numerous injuries to riders and spectators led to the closure of the Signal Hill races in 1978. Many Southern California riders did not accept the ban on their favorite sport and began to arrange races illegally. Race organizers have become more serious about safety, track regulation and equipment requirements.
The rules and regulations of street lagging are now regulated by several racing associations, and the sport itself is included in the demonstration program of the summer X-Games.
In total, there are approximately 1200 active riders in the world. If we take into account the original underground essence of this sport, then we can assume that there are many more of them and not all of them live according to the rules of official organizations.
Mountain bike
This is a bike designed for off-road riding. In the early 1970s, there was a significant surge of interest in cycling in general and cycling in particular in America. One of the centers of the newly revived cycling hobby was the California Pacific coast.
At that time, many competitions of various ranks were held, but it should be noted right away that these were road races on road bikes. In addition, alternative competitions were sometimes held in the United States, but on bicycles with smooth tires. Something like European cyclocross. These events often featured the same cyclists as the road races.
Rapidly developing, mountain biking broke into the official sport, and in 1990 it was recognized even by such a conservative organization as the International Cycling Union (UCI). In the same year, the first MTV World Championship was held in Duran-go.